数字散斑相关法在变形测量中的应用

为了克服传统的变形测量方法的局限性,实现整体变形和测量范围内各点在任一时刻具体位移的全面测量,以得到完整的变形数据,本文采用数字相关散斑法(DSCM)对变形进行了精确测量.首先,通过与传统变形测量方法进行比较,归纳出DSCM具有非接触、精度高、操作简单灵活、测量全面等优点.然后,描述了散斑法的基本理论,建立了相关的数学...     

石墨烯纳米片电场增强因子的模拟计算与对比

石墨烯纳米片特殊的一维刀口状尖端赋予了其优异的电子场发射性能,而电场增强因子β是评价场发射性能的最重要参数,主要采用测定F-N曲线的实验方法进行推算.建立了形状为矩形薄片+半圆圆柱的石墨烯纳米片模型,竖直立于平行平板二极管的阴极上,利用电子束模拟软件EBS(Electron BeamSimulation)模拟计算了场发射装置的两极间的电场分布,由此决定石墨烯纳米片尖端的电场增强系数.研究了高度和顶端曲率半径变化对石墨烯纳米片电场增强因子的影响,根据计算数值拟合了电场增强系数的经验公式,提供了受形状控制的电场增强因子的数值范围,还与同尺寸的碳纳米管进行了比较,证实了本文的模型和计算模拟方法有效、可信.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of Ta2O5 doped La2Ce2O7 thermal barrier coatings prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying

La₂Ce₂O₇ (LC) is a new promising thermal barrier coating (TBC) material for high-temperature applications. However, the sudden decrease of thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) at ∼623 K limits its application. In this study, the plasma-sprayed La₂Ce_1.7Ta_0.3O_7.15 (LCT) coating was developed by partial substitution of Ce⁴⁺ in LC with Ta⁵⁺. LCT coating shows lower thermal conductivity between 298 K and 1273 K (0.54–0.71 W/(m·K)) than LC coating (0.65–0.85 W/(m·K)) and the traditional yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating (1.53–1.72 W/(m·K)). It also exhibits excellent thermal stability at least up to 1573 K for 1000 h. What is more, the sudden TEC drop is suppressed owing to the reduced oxygen vacancy concentration governed by Ta⁵⁺-substitution content. As a result, LCT TBC shows an improved thermal cycling lifetime in an air furnace as compared to LC TBC.     

New double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings based on zirconia–rare earth composite oxides

A series of La₂O₃–ZrO₂–CeO₂ composite oxides were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The final product keeps fluorite structure when the molar ratio Ce/Zr ≥ 0.7/0.3, and below this ratio only mixtures of La₂Zr₂O₇ (pyrochlore) and La₂O₃–CeO₂ (fluorite) exist. Averagely speaking, the increase of CeO₂ content gives rise to the increase of thermal expansion coefficient and the reduction of thermal conductivity, but La₂(Zr_0.7Ce_0.3)₂O₇ has the lowest sintering ability and the lowest thermal conductivity which could be explained by the theory of phonon scattering. Based on the large thermal expansion coefficient of La₂Ce_3.25O_9.5, the low thermal conductivities and low sintering abilities of La₂Zr₂O₇ and La₂(Zr_0.7Ce_0.3)₂O₇, double-ceramic-layer thermal barrier coatings were prepared. The thermal cycling tests indicate that such a design can largely improve the thermal cycling lives of the coatings. Since no single material that has been studied so far satisfies all the requirements for high temperature thermal barrier coatings, double-ceramic-layer coating may be an important development direction of thermal barrier coatings.     

A nitride whisker template for growth of mullite in SiC reticulated porous ceramics

Silicon carbide reticulated porous ceramics (SiC RPCs) were fabricated by polymer replica technique. The effects of nitride whisker template on the growth of mullite, the strut structure and mechanical properties of SiC RPCs were investigated. Prepolyurethane (PU) open-cell sponge was first coated by SiC slurry consisting of SiC, reactive Al₂O₃, microsilica and Si powder, then it was nitridized at 1400 °C in a flowing N₂ atmosphere to prepare SiC preforms. Subsequently, these preforms were treated by vacuum infiltration of alumina slurry and fired at 1450 °C in air. The results showed that Si₂N₂O whiskers grew on the surface and in the matrix of SiC preforms after nitridation. The diameter of struts in SiC RPCs increased after vacuum infiltration process because alumina slurry was easily adhered by the surface nitride whiskers. In addition, such whiskers inside the strut of SiC preforms acted as the template to promote the growth of column-liked mullite in SiC RPCs. The mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of SiC RPCs were greatly improved due to the special interfacial characteristics of multi-layered struts as well as better interlocked column-liked mullite in SiC skeleton.     

用数字散斑法测量铜/铝复层板拉伸变形

提出了一种基于数字散斑相关法和双目立体视觉技术的全场三维变形测量方法,实现了对爆炸焊接制备的铜/铝复层材料的变形测量。研究了该方法所涉及的数字散斑相关算法、三维坐标、位移和应变计算等关键技术,借助于VC++6.0开发环境,研制并开发了用于铜/铝复层板全场变形测量的试验系统及其软件。为了验证本文所述测量方法的可行性,进行了精度验证实验和铜/铝复层板单向拉伸试验,且对复层板拉伸试验结果与有限元软件Abaqus数值模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:本文方法的应变测量精度优于0.5%,与引伸计测得的结果基本相当;测得的应变极值分布与有限元模拟结果很吻合;在板料发生颈缩前,塑性应力-应变模拟曲线与试验结果很吻合;整个变形过程中位移-载荷模拟曲线的变化趋势与试验结果一致,模拟得到的极限载荷的相对误差为0.06%～2.25%。实验结果说明,数字散斑方法是一种精确获得复层板料全场应变的有效手段。     

不同叶顶结构对燃气透平动叶顶部气膜冷却性能的影响

对不同叶顶结构的GE-E3叶片的气膜冷却现象进行了数值研究,比较了三种不同的叶顶结构：平顶、凹槽顶和平顶开槽孔结构在叶顶部的流动和冷却现象,并分析了吹风比对这三种结构的冷却性能的影响。发现凹槽顶和平顶开槽孔在结构上具有相似性;在叶顶开槽后,既降低了射流动量,又降低了顶端泄漏流速,有助于提高冷却效果,同时由于凹槽顶的槽比开槽孔的槽大,冷却气体和燃气在槽内充分混合,使得凹槽顶结构具有最高的冷却效率值和最低的换热系数值,平顶开槽孔结构次之。     

基于自适应第二代小波的超声回波信号特征识别

文章针对强噪声背景下液压系统压力超声检测回波信号特征识别问题,构造了一种识别该类信号时域特征的自适应第二代小波方法。该方法以第二代小波为基础,以超声回波信号的峭度大小为目标函数,选择每层自适应匹配超声回波信号特征的第二代小波预测器和更新器,利用选择的预测器和更新器对信号进行预测和更新运算;根据每层自适应第二代小波分解的超声回波信号噪声水平,选取自适应匹配超声回波信号噪声特点的降噪阈值,对信号进行降噪和恢复,提取信号时域特征。该方法成功地准确识别出超声回波信号回波至点的时刻和时间间隔特征信息。结果表明,第二代小波自适应阈值方法对强噪声背景下超声回波信号特征的识别效果优于经典小波方法。     

MoSi2–再结晶SiC复合材料的高温抗氧化性能及氧化机理

在SiC粉中添加MoSi2粉,采用模压成型、无压烧成方法制备MoSi2–再结晶SiC(RSiC)复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和等温氧化法研究复合材料的高温抗氧化性能及氧化机理。结果表明,所得复合材料中SiC为6H型,部分MoSi2转变为六方结构Mo4.8Si3C0.6,添加MoSi2前后样品的氧化产物均为方石英,样品表面生成的氧化膜形貌相似。氧化过程中样品质量变化与时间关系遵循抛物线规律,随MoSi2添加量增加,复合材料的抗氧化性能显著提高,其中,添加20%(质量分数)MoSi2所得复合材料在1500℃循环氧化100h后质量增加量仅为未添加MoSi2样品的37%。当MoSi2添加量为10%时,复合材料的抗氧化性能随样品烧成温度的升高先提高后降低,2 300℃烧成所得材料有较好的高温抗氧化性能,其氧化速率常数为0.99mg2/(cm4.h)。在氧化初始阶段,Mo4.8Si3C0.6和MoSi2首先发生氧化反应,随氧化时间增加,Mo4.8Si3C0.6和MoSi2消耗殆尽,此后的氧化则主要为Mo5Si3和SiC的氧化。SiO2膜的致密性和膜厚度与膜中Mo5Si3的含量有关。     

Investigation of the tribological properties of the different textured DLC coatings under reciprocating lubricated conditions

In this study, we propose the use of laser surface texturing methods to improve the wear resistance of diamond-like-carbon (DLC) coatings. First, the application of dimples perpendicular to an engineering surface is introduced by using laser in a controlled manner. The solid DLC lubricant is subsequently deposited on the textured surface using the magnetron sputtering technique. In the experiments, the dimple densities were varied from 0 to 30%, and the dimple diameters were varied from 40 to 300 μm. The effect of the geometric parameters on the wear performance was studied using a reciprocating sliding-wear tester under oil lubrication conditions. The results showed that the DLC coatings with the appropriate dimple density (10%) and diameter (∼100 μm) demonstrated an obvious improvement in terms of the friction coefficient and wear rate compared with that of the un-textured DLC coatings. The experimental treatment produced respective reductions of 20% in friction and nearly 52% reduction of wear rate. This improvement could be explained by the action of reservoirs that enhance lubricant retention and trap the wear particles during sliding motions. In addition, the relationship between the dimple diameter, the contact width ratio and the wear performance is discussed.